1. June 2000

## ZIP File Access

Using Zipped Files Transparently

### The Typedef

The typedef `ZZIP_FILE` can serve as a replacement for a normal file descriptor. As long as it is only used for reading a file, the zzlib-user can actually replace the posix functions `open/read/close` by their counterparts from the zziplib library: `zzip_open/zzip_read/zzip_close`.

As long as the filename path given to `zzip_open` refers to a real file in the filesystem, it will almost directly forward the call to the respective posix `open` call. The returned file descriptor is then stored in a member-variable of the `ZZIP_FILE` structure.

Any subsequent calls to `zzip_read` will then be forwarded to the posix `read` call on the memorized file descriptor. The same about `zzip_close` which will call the posix `close` function and then `free` the `ZZIP_FILE` structure.

The real benefit of the zziplib library comes about when the filename argument does actually refer to a file that is zipped in a zip-archive. It happens that even both a real file and a zipped file can live under the same pathname given to the `zzip_open` call, whereas the real file is used in preference.

### Zipped File

Suppose you have subdirectory called '`test/`'. In this directory is just one file, called '`README`'. Calling the `zzip_open` function with an argument of 'optional-path/ `test/README`', then it will open that file for subsequent reading with `zzip_read`. In this case the real (stat'able) file is opened.

Now you can go to the '`test/`' directory and zip up the files in there by calling ``zip ../test.zip *``. After this, you can delete the '`test/`' directory and the call to `zzip_open` will still succeed. The reason is that the part of the path saying '`test/README`' will be replaced by sth. like '`test.zip:README`' - that is the real file '`test.zip`' is opened and searched for a contained file '`README`'.

Calling `zzip_read` on the zipped '`README`' file will return the very same data as if it is a real file in a real directory. If the zipped file is compressed it will be decompressed on the fly.

### Zip Directory

The same applies to the use of `opendir/readdir/closedir` which can safely be replaced with their counterparts from the zziplib library - again their prototype follows the scheme of the original calls, just prepend `zzip_` to the function calls and `ZZIP_` to the struct-typedefs.

To call `zzip_opendir` on a real directory will then return a `ZZIP_DIR` whose member-variable `realdir` points to the actual `DIR`-structure returned by the underlying posix `opendir`-call.

If a real directory '`test`' does not exist, then the `zzip_opendir` will try to open a file '`test.zip`' with a call to `zzip_dir_open`. Subsequent calls to `zzip_readdir` will then return information as being obtained from the central archive directory of the zip-file.

### Differences

There are no differences between the posix calls and their counterparts from the zziplib library - well, just as long as the zip-file contains just the plain files from a directory.

If the zip-file contains directory entries you may be prompted with some awkward behaviour, since in zip-file a directory happens to be just an empty file. Note that the posix function `open` may also open a directory for reading - it will only return `EISDIR` if the `open` mode-argument included write-access.

What the current of version of the zziplib library can definitely not do: calling zzip_opendir on a directory zippend inside a zip-file.

To prevent the enrollment of directories into the zip-archive, you can use the `-D` option of the `zip` program. That is in any `Makefile` you may want to use ``cd $(dir) && zip -D ../$(dir).zip *``.

### Advantages

Distribution of a set of files is much easier if it just means to wrap up a group of files into a zip-archive - and copy that zip-archive to the respective destination directory. Even more the files can be compressed and unlike a `tar.gz` archive there is no need to decompress the archive in temporary location before accessing a member-file.

On the other hand, there is no chance to scatter files around on the disk like it could easily happen with a set of gzip'ed man-pages in a single ``man``-directory. The reader application does not specifically need to know that the file is compressed, so that reading a script like ``share/guile/x.x.x/ice-9/popen.scm`` is done by simple calls to `zzip_read` which works on zip-file named ``share/guile/x.x.x/ice-9.zip``.

A version mismatch between different files in a group is now obvious: either the opened file belongs to the distribution archive, or otherwise in resides in a real directory just next to the zip-archive that contains the original.

### Issues

The zziplib library does not use any code piece from the `zip` programs, neither pkzip nor infozip, so there is no license issue here. The decompression is done by using the free zlib library which has no special issues with respect to licensing. The rights to the zziplib library are reserved to the copyright holders, there is a public license that puts most the sources themselves under the GNU Lesser General Public License, so that the use of a shared library instance of the zziplib library has no restrictions of interest to application programmers. For more details and hints about static linking, check the COPYING information.

The only issue you have with the zziplib library is the fact that you can only read the contained files. Writing/Compression is not implemented. Even more, a compressed file is not seekable at the moment although I hope that someone will stand up to implement that functionality someday.